Ivyombo vy’imipira bikoreshwa cane mu bikorwa vy’inganda, mu vy’ubwubatsi no mu bikorwa vy’ubuhinga kubera ko bishobora guhangana n’ibihe, bishobora guhinduka, kandi bishobora guhangana n’imiti. Kugira ngo inyubako ibe nziza, itekanye kandi ikoreshe igihe kirekire, ingingo ngenderwako zijanye n’ubwubatsi zitegerezwa gukurikizwa ata guca ku ruhande. Iki kiganiro kirasobanura neza ibisabwa mu bijanye n’ubwubatsi ku bijanye n’imiyoboro y’imipira y’amazi biva ku bintu nk’uguhitamwo ibikoresho, gutegura inyubakwa, ivyerekeye gushiramwo, gusuzuma no kwemera.
Guhitamwo ibikoresho no kubisuzuma
1. Ivyagezwe vy'ibikoresho
Amatiyo y'imipira y'ubushuhe akwiye kuba yubahiriza ingingo ngenderwako z'igihugu canke z'inganda, nka GB/T 18997 "Imirongo y'imipira y'ivyuma" na ASTM D2518 "Imirongo y'imipira y'ubushuhe n'amakoraniro y'amazi." Ibikoresho bitegerezwa kujana n’icete c’uruganda c’uko bihuye n’ivyo bikoresho be na raporo y’igerageza, vyerekana neza ivyo bikoresho, ikigereranyo, urugero rw’umukazo, n’ingene ibidukikije bimeze.
2. Gusuzuma n'amaso
Imbere y’uko yubakwa, izo hose zikwiye gusuzumwa n’amaso kugira ngo ntizigire utunenge nk’ibibumbano, imivyimba, ibinogo canke ubuhumane. Uruhome rw’imiyoboro rukwiye kuba rumwe, ibara ryaryo rikaba rihuye, kandi iherezo ryaryo rikwiye gutemwa neza ata n’ibipfunsi.
3. Igerageza ry'ubushobozi
Niba ari ngombwa, gufata ivyerekanwa birashobora gukorwa kugira ngo hasuzumwe ubushobozi bw’umubiri, harimwo n’ubukomezi bw’ugukomera, uburebure iyo buvunitse, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’umukazo, ubushuhe, n’ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ugusenyuka kw’imiti, kugira ngo bimenyekane ko vyubahiriza ibisabwa mu guhingura.
Gutegura ubwubatsi
1. Ibisabwa ku bidukikije
Ubushuhe bwo mu nzu y'ubwubatsi bukwiye kuba hagati ya degre -10 na degre 60 . Irinde gukoresha mu mvura, urubura, umuyaga ukomeye, canke ubushuhe bukaze. Iyo ubukonje bwo mu karere buri hejuru, hakwiye gufatwa ingingo zo gukingira ubukonje kugira ngo amatiyo ntiyigere agira ubukonje kandi ngo agire ico akoze ku mikorere yayo.
2. Ibikoresho n'Ibikoresho
Ibikoresho bisabwa ni nk’ibikoresho vyo guca amatiyo, ibikoresho vyo gutera umuriro, imashini y’ugushonga ishushe- (ibereye gufatanya ivyuma bishushe-), ivyuma bifunga, n’ibikoresho vyo gusukura. Raba neza ko ibikoresho biri mu mimerere myiza kandi bihuye n’ibisabwa vyo gufatanya amatiyo.
3. Ibisabwa ku bakozi
Abakozi b’ubwubatsi bakwiye kuba bamenyerejwe mu buryo bw’umwuga, bamenye ibiranga imiyoboro y’imipira y’impuzu n’ingene yubakwa, kandi bakaba bafise ubushobozi bwo gukora bujanye n’ivyo kugira ngo bashobore kwubaka mu buryo bubereye kandi butagiramwo umutekano.
Ibisobanuro vyo gushiramwo
1. Uburyo bw'imiyoboro
Amatiyo y’imipira y’ubushuhe akwiye kwirinda gukorana n’ibintu bisongoye, ubushuhe bwinshi-, canke ibintu bishobora gutera uburozi. 1. Gushiramwo imiyoboro: Imyoboro ikwiye gushirwa igororotse. Ibitugu vyihariye canke ibigobe binini-radius bikwiye gukoreshwa ku bigobe kugira ngo ntihagire ibigobe ku nguvu bishobora kwonona imiyoboro.
2. Uburyo bwo gufatanya: Bivanye n’imiterere y’imiyoboro be n’aho ikoreshwa, hashobora gukoreshwa uburyo bwo gufatanya, gufatanya, gufatanya ubushuhe canke gufatanya. Amahuza akwiye kuba afise umutekano, afise ikidodo, kandi ataco avuza-. Ku bijanye n’uguhuza ubushuhe, ubushuhe n’igihe bitegerezwa kugenzurwa kugira ngo habeho ubushuhe buhagije. Ku bijanye n’ugufatanya kw’ivyuma, hakwiye kukoreshwa intsinga n’ibikoresho bihuye, kandi umuvuduko wo gufatanya ukwiye kuba uhuye n’ivyo uwuwukora asaba.
3. Gushigikira no Gushingira intahe: Amatiyo akwiye kuba afise ibibanza bikwiye vyo gushigikira, hakaba n’intambwe itarenze metero 1,5 kugira ngo ntiyigere ihinduka canke ngo itandukane kubera uburemere canke inguvu zo hanze. Ivyuma bifashe bikomeye bikwiye gukingirwa n’ibikoresho bishobora guhinduka (nk’ibipande vy’imipira) kugira ngo ivyuma bifashe ntibishiremwo ata guca ku ruhande imiyoboro.
4. Igerageza ry’umuvuduko: Inyuma yo gushiramwo, bitegerezwa gukorwa igerageza ry’umuvuduko. Igitutu co kugerageza gikwiye kuba incuro 1,5 z’igitutu co gukora, ariko ntikibe munsi ya 0,6 MPa. Igihe co guhagarika umuvuduko ntigikwiye kuba munsi y’iminota 30. Nta gusohoka canke ugutemba kw’umuvuduko vyerekana (bibereye).
Gusuzuma no kwemera
1. Gusuzuma n’amaso: Suzuma nimba aho amatiyo ashizweho agororotse, nimba aho ahuye neza, nimba ibimenyetso bigaragara neza, kandi nimba ibifadika bifashe neza.
2. Igerageza ry’Ibikorwa: Uretse igerageza ry’umuvuduko, birakenewe igerageza ry’uruja n’uruza rw’amazi (canke gazi) kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ata n’imwe ibuza, ko ata n’imwe ishobora guhangana n’ibintu bidasanzwe, kandi ko iyo nzira ikora neza.
3. Ivyanditswe: Inyuma y’aho inyubako irangiriye, amakete y’ubwubatsi, raporo z’igerageza ry’ibikoresho, amakuru y’igerageza ry’umuvuduko, n’izindi nyandiko zijanye n’ico kibazo zikwiye gukoranirizwa hamwe zigashikirizwa nk’ishimikiro ryo kwemera umugambi.
Gucungera no kwitwararika: Amatiyo y’imipira akoreshwa n’ubushuhe akwiye gusuzumwa ubudasiba igihe akoreshwa, ukitwararika canecane nimba aho ahuye n’ibindi bikoresho bitari vyo be n’uko inkuta z’iyo tiyo zishaje canke zononekaye. Iyo zikoreshejwe umuco w’izuba canke ibikoresho vy’imiti igihe kirekire, hakwiye gufatwa ingingo zo kuzikingira, nk’ugupfuka n’igitutu c’izuba canke igipfukisho co gukingira-ugusenyuka, kugira ngo zibeho igihe kirekire.
Uburyo bw’ubwubatsi bw’imiyoboro y’imipira y’ubushuhe buragira ico bukoze ata guca ku ruhande ku mikorere yayo no ku mutekano wayo. Ugukurikiza cane ingingo ngenderwako z’ubwubatsi, kuva ku guhitamwo ibikoresho no ku vyo gushiramwo gushika ku gusuzuma no kwemera, ni ngombwa kugira ngo uburyo bw’imiyoboro bukore neza igihe kirekire-. Ivyumba vy’ubwubatsi bikwiye gukomeza amahugurwa mu vy’ubuhinga no gutuma ubuhinga bwo kwubaka bugenda neza kugira ngo umugambi ube mwiza.
